Shamim kyani biography of albert


Subtle is the Lord

Scientific biography of Albert Einstein by Abraham Pais

Subtle is loftiness Lord: The Science and the Struggle of Albert Einstein is a life of Albert Einstein written by Ibrahim Pais. First published in by Metropolis University Press, the book is work on of the most acclaimed biographies flaxen the scientist.[4] This was not nobleness first popular biography of Einstein, on the contrary it was the first to high point on his scientific research as conflicting to his life as a regular figure.[5] Pais, renowned for his look at carefully in theoretical particle physics, was top-hole friend of Einstein's at the College for Advanced Study in his inappropriate career. Originally published in English seep out the United States and the Pooled Kingdom, the book has translations add on over a dozen languages.[6] Pais closest released a sequel to the notebook in titled Einstein Lived Here stomach, after his death in , decency University Press released a posthumous model of the biography in , farm a new foreword by Roger Penrose. Considered very popular for a discipline book, the biography sold tens hillock thousands of copies of both roll and hardcover versions in its regulate year.[7] The book has received distinct reviews[7] and, the year after close-fitting initial publication, it won both dignity National Book Award for Nonfiction, bother Science (Hardcover),[1][2][4] and the Science Calligraphy Award.[3]

Background

Before becoming a science historian, Pais was a theoretical physicist and not bad said to be one of say publicly founders of theoretical particle physics.[6] Pais knew Einstein and they developed splendid friendship over the last decade enjoy yourself Einstein's life, particularly while they were colleagues at the Institute for Latest Study in Princeton.[8][9][10] He drew diverge this experience when writing the tome, which includes several vignettes of their interactions, including a story of crown final visit to see Einstein, who was ill and would die topping few months later.[10] The Quantum Hypothesis portion of the book was a while ago published, in similar form, in smashing article Pais coauthored in Reviews elect Modern Physics.[11][9]

The book draws its headline from a quote by Einstein guarantee translates to "Subtle is the Ruler, but malicious he is not". Primacy quote is inscribed in stone warrant Princeton University, where Einstein made class statement during a visit to send the lectures that would later reproduction published as The Meaning of Relativity.[10] When asked later in life show accidentally elaborate on the statement, Einstein held in "Nature hides its secret now of its essential loftiness, but clump by means of ruse."[10]Isaac Asimov summarized this as meaning "the laws dispense nature were not easy to reveal, but once uncovered, they would sob give uncertain result", comparing to in the opposite direction famous Einstein quote: "I cannot conceal that God would play dice opposed to the universe".[12]

Themes

The book serves as both a biography of Albert Einstein enjoin a catalog of his works person in charge scientific achievements.[9][13] Though there were a number of well-known biographies of Einstein prior lecture to the book's publication, this was blue blood the gentry first which focused on his controlled research, as opposed to his sure as a popular figure.[14][5] Einstein individual, in at the age of 67, expressed a desire to be lauded for his work and not circlet doings, stating "the essential in prestige being of a man of nasty type lies precisely in what grace thinks and how he thinks, snivel in what he does or suffers."[5] Beyond the biography, the book serves as the first full-scale exposition time off Albert Einstein's scientific contributions;[9][15][16][11] one critic noted that, although literature on Flair is not lacking, prior to that book, someone trying to research Einstein's scientific contributions "faced a choice 'tween reading one or more popularizations devotee limited scope (and often even finer limited depth) and trying to make and digest the almost scientific archives he produced."[9]

Content

Pais explains in the book's introduction that an illustration of Einstein's biography would have his work all the rage special relativity building toward general relativity and his work in statistical physics would build toward his work amusement quantum theory, and all of them would build toward his work break through unified field theory; the book's reasoning represents his attempt to respect focus outline.[8] The book has 31 chapters that are divided into eight bigger sections, with purely biographical chapters discolored stylized with italics.[8][17] These italicized chapters present a non-technical overview of Einstein's life, while the bulk of leadership book explores Einstein's contributions in systematic detail.[8][17] The first part of rendering book, titled Introductory, serves as spiffy tidy up quick summary and outline of magnanimity book's contents.[9] The second section, credible statistical physics, includes Einstein's contributions equal the field between and as famously as a discussion of the probabilistic interpretation of thermodynamics.[18] The third stint, on special relativity, describes the story of special relativity and Einstein's handouts early to relativity theory as vigorous as their relation to the toil of Henri Poincare and Hendrik Lorentz.[18] The next section, on general relativity covers Einstein's developments of the suspicion from around to and the manner of the universally covariant gravitation greatly equations.[18] The chapter also includes call into question on the development of general relativity by other scientists from to Chip six includes a biography chapter unit Einstein's later life and a hearsay of his work in unified environment theory.[18] The final section in goodness body of the work, section hexad on quantum theory, covers Einstein's profession in the field extending over entire career.[18]

Reception

Reviews

The book received critical plaudit upon its initial release and was subsequently translated into fifteen languages, code of practice Pais as an internationally renowned learner in the subject.[6] There were myriad reviews of the book, including while published in magazines including Scientific American,[10]The Christian Science Monitor,[19] and The Contemporary York Review of Books,[16] as in triumph as newspaper articles published in The New York Times,[5]The Los Angeles Times,[20]The Leader-Post,[21]The Observer,[17]The Age,[22]The Philadelphia Inquirer,[23]The Santa Cruz Sentinel,[13] and The Arizona Republic.[7]

The book has received favorable mentions be pleased about reviews of other works and credentials discussing the history of Einstein's alms-giving. Of the reviews of the issue, Einstein Lived Here, Engelbert Schücking wrote that the original biography was "magisterial"[24] and Roger Highfield opened his look at of the new volume with: "Among my collection of books on Wit, there is a dog-eared copy publicize Subtle is the Lord. Its indigent condition pays tribute to the continuance of this brilliantly researched book".[25]Bruno Augenstein wrote in that the book was a "definitive" scientific biography of Einstein.[26] Schücking, in a review of justness book Einstein: His Life and Universe by Walter Isaacson, stated that "the wonderful book by Pais, which was republished by Oxford University Press of great magnitude , with a preface by Roger Penrose, is still the best send to Einstein’s physics."[27] Similarly, a item discussing "Einstein's quest for unification" coarse John Ellis opened by stating put off the book is the "definitive controlled biography of Einstein" and that patch up "delivered an unequivocal verdict on Einstein's quest for a unified field theory".[28]

On the book's release in , Bathroom Stachel wrote a positive review signify the book that stated the spot on gives a detailed account of practically all of Einstein's significant scientific hand-outs along with historical context from rest "eminent physicist's perspective".[9] Stachel went feign to say that the biography sections "constitutes the most accurate account hold Einstein's life yet written"[9] and guarantee the book is "both unique title indispensable for any serious Einstein scholar".[9] He closed the review by byword the book would "serve not one as a source of profound intelligence and pleasure to many readers on the contrary as a further spur to righteousness current renaissance of Einstein studies".[9] Execute a second review, John Allen Paulos wrote that it "is a illdefined book.".[23]Banesh Hoffmann reviewed the book ordinary calling it "outstanding" and that bring to a halt is a "lively book" and wonderful "major contribution to Einstein scholarship".[29]Isaac Author wrote that the book gives wonderful "concise history of the physics involved" and that it is "engagingly written".[12]William Hunter McCrea wrote a critical look at of the book in , beguiling issue with several of Pais' statements, but wrote that overall, it was "a major work on Einstein" topmost that "[f]or those who know be a success what Einstein achieved, but who can have wondered how he did advance, this book should tell them bordering on all they can ever hope trial learn."[30] A third review stated turn the book is a "superb history of Einstein" and was likely email "become required reading for anyone condoling in the history of 20th c physics".[8] The book was also reviewed in German that same year.[31]

Among repayment coverage, the book was the control article in The New York Earlier Book Review issue carrying its review.[7] The article, written by Timothy Ferris in , stated that "anyone reduce an interest in Einstein should churn out this splendid book a try".[5] Afterwards reviewing the book, Ferris closed from end to end of saying that "[of] all the biographies of Einstein, this, I think, even-handed the one he himself would be endowed with liked the best."[5] Another newspaper debate, by Peter Mason stated that description book blending of a popular curriculum vitae into a technical account of Einstein's scientific work was "so skillfully accomplished that the flavor of the mature arguments can generally be savored bypass those with little mathematical background."[22] Nifty third newspaper review, written by Closet Naughton, argued that the book provides an "uncompromising chronological account of Einstein’s theoretical work, a technical story meant by a physicist for physicists",[17] however that a non-technical biography is woven throughout, which he describes as spick "book within a book".[17]

In a regard of the book, Michael Redhead wrote that there had been "many biographies of Einstein but none of them can even begin to compete become accustomed the work of Pais."[11] He famous the book for its completeness, stating that it goes much further go one better than previous works in discussing Einstein's assistance as a whole.[11] Redhead noted freshen "significant omission", relating to Erich Kretschmann's critique of universal covariance, but went on to close the review fail to see writing "I wholeheartedly recommend anyone commiserating in the history of modern physics to read Pais's extraordinarily able book".[11] In a second review, Martin Tabulate. Klein wrote that the book practical "rich and rewarding" and that dynamic "is written in a lively stake effective style".[15]Felix Gilbert, in a ordinal review, wrote that the book decay "both sensitive and thorough" and defer he is "inclined to regard" on the run as Einstein's "definitive biography".[32] The picture perfect was also reviewed in French probity same year by Jean Largeault.[33] Amidst other reviews,[34][35] one stated that go past was a "monumental biography" and focus it "does full justice to influence title, the Science and the Philosophy of Einstein" that was written mess up "tremendous erudition and sensibility".[36] A debate of the book stated that class "book, despite its blindspots, shortcomings, spell difficulties for the uninitiated reader, inclination remain an indispensable source for sole interested" in Einstein's life.[37]

Among criticisms cataclysm various aspects of the book, distinct reviews noted that understanding many accomplishments of the book would require clever background in physics.[9][30][29][16][15][12] Some reviewers besides noted that Pais did not show on Einstein's political and social views past a brief presentation.[9][18] The referral system used in the book was also criticized by some reviewers renovation "unnecessarily complicated".[5][15]Timothy Ferris noted several curb problems in his New York Times review and pointed out that Pais has a tendency to be "overly reticent".[5] In his review, Banesh Architect wrote that the book contained "some strange omissions" relating to some neat as a new pin Einstein's shortcomings and statements he made.[29]Peter Mason wrote: "One deficiency is position failure to relate Einstein’s development earn the social conditions of the time."[22]

In his review, John Stachel wrote make certain, while the order of Einstein's offerings were sound for the first quaternary chapters, the part on quantum machinery backtracks to the beginning of Einstein's career once again and so overlaps with the other parts of glory book.[9] He went on to flatter the book's translations of quotes escape Einstein and others.[9] In reference do the biography sections, he went public disgrace to state that "[t]he only interrogate on which I would seriously dispute is his effort to play sentence or even deny the rebellious piece in Einstein's personality."[9] Stachel wrote consider it Statistical Physics and The Quantum Hypothesis parts of the book were goodness "most successful", stating "[n]ot only does Pais give an excellent presentation gaze at Einstein's contributions to the development sell quantum theory, he explains why Maestro felt that it never became fastidious fundamental theory in his sense, unexcitable after the development of quantum mechanics".[9] He also criticized the book's probation of the paper on the EPR paradox for neglecting certain counter-arguments.[9]

In uncomplicated critical review, Paul Forman wrote rove much of the information in leadership biography sections of the book was previously unpublished and that Pais gave a better account of Einstein's boyhood than had previously been available, on the other hand that by "allotting so little margin to so large a life, Pais perforce omits far more than elegance includes, and these few pages, burdensome with ill-considered detail, fail to transmit any sense of the man champion his situation".[18] He went on sure of yourself note that the book does whimper include any details on Einstein's embryonic and technological designs, outside of spick single recount of a experiment business partner Wander Johannes de Haas.[18] Forman supposed that Pais rushed the book clean up development, writing that despite Pais' "mastery of the sources" and the book's scientific insights, "the account which crystal-clear has hastily put together shows always the marks of unpolished and precipitate work."[18] He went on to fare that Pais' observations of Einstein's moral were "quite superficial, though not comprehensively unoriginal".[18] Forman closed the review overstep taking issue with Pais' statement delay "the tour ends here" at leadership first chapter, which he felt was a "patronizing, self-congratulatory distinction between influence soft, talky stuff and the occur stuff" akin to saying "then nobleness physics begins". Forman argued that depiction physics is "conflated" with "another beginning of the physicists: a Parnassian earth of apotheosized 'founders' and 'major figures'", which he states is "a creativity world of no greater intrinsic desirability than the ancestral myths of ultra primitive tribes and clans".[18]

Development of relativity

Further information: Relativity priority dispute

See also: Representation of special relativity, History of regular relativity, and General relativity priority dispute

As part of the relativity priority against, Pais dismissed E. T. Whittaker's views on the history of special relativity, as expressed in the book A History of the Theories of Ether and Electricity: The Modern Theories. Fit into place that book, Whittaker claimed that Henri Poincaré and Hendrik Lorentz developed glory theory of special relativity before Albert Einstein.[38] In a chapter titled "the edge of history", Pais stated prowl Whittaker's treatment shows "how well birth author's lack of physical insight matches his ignorance of the literature".[39] Song reviewer wrote, in agreement with integrity statement, that "Pais correctly dismisses" Whittaker's point of view in the "controversy concerning priority" with an "apt sentence".[36] Another reviewer, William Hunter McCrea be bounded by , stated that the dismissal was put "in terms that can matchless be called scurrilous" and that "[t]o one who knew Whittaker and authority regard for historical accuracy the direction is lamentable."[30]

Outside of the priority debate, several reviewers noted that, at illustriousness time of publication, there was inept consensus among scientific scholars for detestable questions in the history of festive and general relativity, and that Pais makes multiple assertions that are household on disputable evidence.[9][5][30] The contested assertions included Pais' claim that the Michelson–Morley experiment did not play a elder role in Einstein's development of grandeur special theory as evidence for rank charge.[9][5] Noting the potential controversies, Christian Ferris wrote that Pais "is straight to be blamed for having reached arguable conclusions in matters of mount scholarly debate than praised for accepting had the grit to confront them."[5]

In his review, John Stachel criticized grandeur book for not discussing the Fizeau experiment and for using an antediluvian explanation of the twin paradox pounce on special relativity.[9] Stachel also noted ditch Pais misattributed a quote to Talent related to the paradox.[9] He went on to state his belief wander Pais "missed the mark" in reward presentation of the postulates of illusion relativity, writing that the book neglects evidence that Einstein had considered selection formulations before adopting his second postulate.[9] Stachel also noted that Pais seemed to not have studied the notebooks Einstein wrote during the development holdup general relativity and stated that way of being of them makes Pais' version bring to an end the development of general relativity "untenable".[9]

Other reviewers brought up specific issues decree the development as well, including William Hunter McCrea, who criticized the picture perfect for not including Sir Arthur Eddington's book The Mathematical Theory of Relativity in his list of books be acquainted with the development of general relativity.[30] McCrea went on to state that Pais included details of a non-existent lady who fainted from excitement upon Einstein's arrival and that the woman was later randomly transformed into a gentleman. McCrea claimed that "[s]uch indications erect one uncertain about the judgements subject historical details in the book".[30] Interchangeable his review, Banesh Hoffmann noted depart Pais fails to mention "Einstein's long-held erroneous belief that if one went from Minkowski coordinates to more prevailing coordinates, one would no longer carve dealing with the special theory break into relativity",[29] but that he "makes depict amends" by including a quote take the stones out of Einstein on the topic, stating lapse "[o]ne could hardly want a clearer indication of the extraordinary power appreciated Einstein's intuition".[29]

Awards

The New York Times programmed the volume as one of untruthfulness "Notable Books of the Year" scope with a caption that read: "The first biography to emphasize the physicist's scientific research rather than his woman is 'splendid,' if 'written in spick rigorous vocabulary.'"[14] The book won 's National Book Award for Nonfiction auspicious the category of hardcover science books.[1] After his death in , Pais' obituary in The Los Angeles Times noted that his book was "considered a definitive work" on Einstein.[4] Misrepresent recognition of Pais' contributions to nobleness history of science, the American Worldly Society and American Institute of Physics established the Abraham Pais Prize transfer History of Physics in [40]

Publication history

The book was originally published in Country in by Oxford University Press refurbish ISBN&#;X. The initial publication of description book was very popular; over 30, hardcover copies and a similar handful of paperback copies were sold institute during its first year.[7] The unqualified performed particularly well in the In partnership States, with 25, of the 30, copies of the hardcover edition oversubscribed there while another 2, were sell in Great Britain.[7] It was reprinted in , also by Oxford Institution Press, with ISBN&#; with a novel introduction by Roger Penrose. As dying , the book had been translated into fifteen languages.[6] Among others, lead to has translations in Chinese, French, Germanic, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, and Russian.

English editions

Foreign translations

  • &#; (). Shang di shi wei miao de &#;: Aiyinsitan snug ke xue yu sheng ping (in Chinese). Chen, Chongguang., 陈崇光. (Di 1 ban&#;ed.). Beijing: Ke xue ji shu wen xian chu ban she. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
  • &#; (). "Shang di nan yi zhuo mo "&#;: Aiyinsitan de call back xue yu sheng huo (in Chinese). Guangzhou Shi: Guangdong jiao yu chu ban she. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
  • &#; (). Albert Einstein&#;: la vie et l'oeuvre (in French). Jeanmougin, Christian., Seyrès, Hélène. Town. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;: CS1 maint: location incomplete publisher (link)
  • &#; (). "Raffiniert ist stay poised Herrgott " Albert Einstein; e. wiss. Biographi (in German). Braunschweig. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • &#; (). "Raffiniert ist der Herrgott " Albert Einstein, eine wissenschaftliche Biographie (in German). Heidelberg. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • &#; (). La scienza e la vita di Albert Einstein (in Italian). Torino: Boringhieri. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
  • &#; (). Kami wa rōkai ni shite (in Japanese). Kaneko, Tsutomu, , 金子, 務, 産業図書. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
  • &#; (). Subtil é o Senhor vida family pensamento de Albert Einstein (in Portuguese) (1.&#;ed.). Lisboa. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • &#; (). "Sutil e o senhor - "&#;: wonderful ciencia e a vida de Albert Einstein (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro (RJ): Nova Fronteira. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
  • &#; (). Naučnaâ dejatel'nost' i žizn' Al'berta Ejnštejna (in Russian). Logunov, Anatolij Alekseevič., Macarskij, V. I., Macarskij, O. I. Moskva. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;CS1 maint: location missing house (link)

See also

References

  1. ^ abcMcDowell, Edwin (14 Apr ). "American Book Awards announced". The New York Times. ISSN&#; Retrieved 6 November
  2. ^ ab""Subtle is the Lord": The Science and Life of Albert Einstein". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 6 November
  3. ^ ab"Pais wins AIP–US Transform science-writing prize". Physics Today. 36 (10): 28 August doi/ ISSN&#;
  4. ^ abc"Abraham Pais; Physicist, Einstein Biographer". Los Angeles Times. 1 August Retrieved 12 November
  5. ^ abcdefghijkFerris, Timothy (28 November ). "What and how he thought". The Virgin York Times. ISSN&#; Retrieved 6 Nov
  6. ^ abcdCrease, Robert P. (). "Abraham Pais"(PDF). Biographical Memoirs of the Public Academy of Sciences.
  7. ^ abcdefManger, John (November ). "Study in indifference". Nature. (): BibcodeNaturM. doi/a0. ISSN&#; S2CID&#;
  8. ^ abcdeEbison, Maurice (February ). "'Subtle is greatness Lord … ': The Science pole the Life of Albert Einstein". Physics Bulletin. 34 (2): doi//34/2/ ISSN&#;
  9. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwStachel
  10. ^ abcdeMorrison
  11. ^ abcdeRedhead
  12. ^ abcAsimov
  13. ^ abGrasso, Allen (8 April ). "What went on in Einstein's mind?". The Santa Cruz Sentinel. Retrieved 12 November &#; via
  14. ^ ab"Notable Books of the Year (Published )". The New York Times. 5 December ISSN&#; Retrieved 25 November
  15. ^ abcdKlein
  16. ^ abcPeierls
  17. ^ abcdeNaughton, John (21 Nov ). "The inner life of straight genius". The Observer. Retrieved 12 Nov &#; via
  18. ^ abcdefghijkForman
  19. ^Cohen, Parliamentarian C. (8 October ). "Einstein pass for scientist and -- human being; 'Subtle is the Lord . . .': The Science and the Life constantly Albert Einstein, by Abraham Pais. Another York: Oxford University Press. pp. $25". The Christian Science Monitor. ISSN&#; Retrieved 12 November
  20. ^Dembart, Lee (14 Jan ). "Biography of a Secular Saint". The Los Angeles Times. No.&#;5. pp.&#;1, Retrieved 12 November &#; via
  21. ^Roberton, Paul (1 October ). "Subtle progression the Lord The Science and nobility Life of Albert Einstein, by Ibrahim Pais. Oxford University Press. Hardcover, $". Regina Leader-Post. Retrieved 12 November &#; via
  22. ^ abcMason, Peter (20 Revered ). "Einstein saw into eternity". The Age. Retrieved 12 November &#; through
  23. ^ abPaulos, John Allen (21 Nov ). "A colleague pens a out of this world biography of Einstein". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 12 November &#; via
  24. ^Schücking, Engelbert L. (11 January ). "Einstein Lived Here". Physics Today. 47 (10): 70– doi/ ISSN&#;
  25. ^Highfield, Roger (5 Possibly will ). "Albert and his private lives". Nature. (): 29– BibcodeNaturH. doi/a0. ISSN&#; S2CID&#;
  26. ^Augenstein, Bruno (26 November ). "Right first time?". New Scientist. Retrieved 12 November
  27. ^Schucking, Engelbert L. (1 November ). "Einstein: His Life obtain Universe". Physics Today. 60 (11): 59– BibcodePhTkI. doi/ ISSN&#;
  28. ^Ellis, John (January ). "Einstein's quest for unification". Physics World. 18 (1): 56– doi//18/1/ ISSN&#;
  29. ^ abcdeHoffmann
  30. ^ abcdefMcCrea
  31. ^Nair, K. P. R.; Cassidy, D. C.; Goenner, H.; Walther, H.; Rechenberg, H. (August ). "Landolt-Börnstein: Molekelkonstanten, Elektronenresonanz-Spektroskopie, Ergänzung der Bände II/4 und II/6/Pais: "Subtle is the Potentate …"︁ The Science and Life be a devotee of Albert Einstein/Schilpp: Albert Einstein als Philosoph und Naturforscher/Svelto: Principles of". Physik Journal (in German). 39 (8): – doi/phbl
  32. ^Gilbert
  33. ^Largeault, J. (). "Review of 'Subtle is the Lord', The Science delighted The Life of Albert Einstein". Archives de Philosophie (in French). 47 (1): – ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
  34. ^Goldberg, Stanley (August ). "Subtle is the Lord: The Branch and the Life of Albert Einstein". American Journal of Physics. 52 (10): – BibcodeAmJPhP. doi/ ISSN&#;
  35. ^Seidel, Robert Exposed. (Summer ). "Review of 'Subtle Abridge the Lord': The Science and significance Life of Albert Einstein". 4S Review. 2 (2): 16– ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
  36. ^ abPrasad, Rajendra (February ). "'Subtle Is interpretation Lord' The Science and the Character of Albert Einstein". Social Scientist. 12 (2): doi/ JSTOR&#;
  37. ^Lovejoy, Derek (). "Review of Subtle Is the Lord: Illustriousness Science and the Life of Albert Einstein". Science & Society. 50 (1): – ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
  38. ^Torretti, R. V. (). Relativity and Geometry. Pergamon Press. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
  39. ^Pais, Abraham (). "Subtle is decency Lord-- "&#;: the science and nobility life of Albert Einstein. Oxford: University University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
  40. ^"Abraham Pais Prize for History of Physics". Inhabitant Physical Society. Retrieved 25 November

Cited sources

  • Stachel, John (3 December ). "Einstein". Science. (): – doi/science ISSN&#; JSTOR&#; PMID&#;
  • Hoffmann, Banesh (January ). "Subtle Is the Lord: The Science arm the Life of Albert Einstein". Physics Today. 36 (1): 81– BibcodePhTaP. doi/ ISSN&#;
  • Morrison, Philip (February ). "Review dominate Subtle Is the Lord&#;: The Skill and the Life of albert Talent, PaisAbraham". Scientific American. (2): 30– doi/scientificamerican ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
  • Peierls, Rudolf (28 Apr ). "What Einstein Did". The Newfound York Review of Books. New Dynasty. ISSN&#;
  • Asimov, Isaac (June ). "Review pointer "Subtle is the Lord"&#;: The Body of knowledge and the Life of Albert Einstein". American Jewish History. 72 (4): – ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
  • McCrea, W.H. (August ). "'Subtle is the Lord …' The body of knowledge and life of Albert Einstein". Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. 33 (1): 64– doi/(83)
  • Gilbert, Felix (March ). "Albert Einstein, Historical and Native Perspectives: The Centennial Symposium in Jerusalem . Gerald Holton, Yehuda Elkana "Subtle is the Lord": The Science ahead the Life of Albert Einstein . Abraham Pais". The Journal of Advanced History. 56 (1): – doi/ ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
  • Klein, Martin J. (June ). "On Unified Biographies". Isis. 75 (2): – ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
  • Forman, Paul (July ). "'Subtle Is the Lord ': The Branch and the Life of Albert Einstein". Technology and Culture. 25 (3): doi/ JSTOR&#; S2CID&#;
  • Redhead, Michael L. G. (July ). "Physics and its Concepts - Abraham Pais, 'Subtle is the Lord': the science and the life give an account of Albert Einstein. Oxford: Clarendon Press, Pp. xvi + ISBN X. £15". The British Journal for the History marketplace Science. 17 (2): – doi/S ISSN&#; JSTOR&#; S2CID&#;

External links