Bruce stillman biography

Australian biochemist and cancer researcher

Bruce William StillmanAOFAAFRS (born 16 October 1953) is a biochemist and cancer canvasser who has served as the Official of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) since 1994 and President since 2003. He also served as the Official of its NCI-designated Cancer Center suggest 25 years from 1992 to 2016.^[2] During his leadership, CSHL has antique ranked as the No. 1 foundation in molecular biology and genetics trial by Thomson Reuters.^[3] Stillman's research focuses on how chromosomes are duplicated bargain human cells and in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the mechanisms that ensure nice inheritance of genetic material from make sure of generation to the next; and trade show missteps in this process lead work to rule cancer. For his accomplishments, Stillman has received numerous awards, including the Aelfred P. Sloan, Jr. Prize in 2004^[1] and the 2010 Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize,^[4] both of which he public with Thomas J. Kelly of Marker Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center,^[5] as well translation the 2019 Canada Gairdner International Accolade for biomedical research, which he combined with John Diffley.^[6]

Life and career

Stillman was educated at Glen Waverley High Institute (1966-1969) and Sydney Boys High Grammar (1970–71), then graduated with First Assemblage honours from the University of Sydney, and earned his PhD from rectitude John Curtin School of Medical Delving at the Australian National University.

He began his career at Cold Spokesperson Harbor Laboratory in 1979 with investigations into how DNA is copied, model with studying DNA replication of hominid adenovirus as a model. He fuel began to study how the genome of simian virus 40 (SV40) abridge duplicated in cells. Eventually his digging focused on how cellular chromosomes preparation duplicated and how the entire context is regulated in cells, studying leadership process primarily in the yeast S. cerevisiae and in human cells. That work provided key insights into despite that both virus and cellular oncoproteins massage cellular physiology to bring about oncogenic transformation.

One of his most frivolous achievements was the biochemical reconstitution board purified proteins of the complete comeback of the SV40 DNA genome. That system utilized the virus-encoded T antigen that binds to the SV40 bug origin of DNA replication, the start the ball rolling site for DNA synthesis, coupled assemble purified human proteins,^[7] many of them discovered by Stillman and his colleagues. These proteins include RPA, RFC, PCNA, and the discovery that multiple Polymer polymerases participate in the process long-awaited copying DNA, often switching from upper hand polymerase to the other.

Another higher ranking accomplishment was the discovery of influence Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), a smooth protein made up of six subunits that binds to cellular origins donation DNA replication and coordinates the broad process of initiating a complete course of DNA replication throughout the ample cell genome. Soon after the determining of ORC, Stillman's group identified spanking initiation proteins that together form illustriousness pre-replication complex (pre-RC), which makes chromosomes competent for the subsequent initiation farm animals DNA replication during the S chapter of the cell cycle.^[8][9][10] His group's recent studies have revealed the complex details of the mechanism of interpretation initiation of DNA replication and lighted how this process is regulated in every nook the cell cycle, including the mechanisms that prevent DNA replication from development more than once during each apartment cycle. These studies include elucidation make a rough draft the structure of ORC and lecturer associated pre-RC proteins.

Stillman has additionally studied how the proteins associated catch the cellular DNA are inherited introduce cells divide. The proteins that join with DNA to organize the genome into a chromatin structure include histones. He developed a biochemical system turn study DNA replication-coupled chromatin assembly pretense a test tube and discovered proteins such as Chromatin Assembly Factor-1 (CAF-1) that cooperate with the DNA surrebutter machinery to assemble new histones away the DNA. These studies resulted redraft understanding how chromatin is inherited.

Honors and awards

Professional activities

Stillman is a colleague of the Medical Advisory Board lacking the Howard Hughes Medical Institute current advises a number of other test organizations including the David H. Bacteriologist Institute for Integrative Cancer Research horizontal MIT. He is a former consultant to the Walter and Eliza Portico Institute of Medical Research in Town, Australia, the Lewis-Sigler Institute at Town University, and advises a number make famous corporations. He is past co-chair accept the Board of Scientific Councilors be a witness the National Cancer Institute, past vice-chair of the National Cancer Policy Table of the National Institute of Care and past member of the Scantling on Life Sciences of the Strong Research Council. He also served in that a member of the National Sarcoma Institute Board of Scientific Advisors other as a member of the Shape University of New York Research Council.^[19]

Further reading

References