Om chhetri biography examples

Chhetri

Kshatriya caste of patrilineal Khas-Aryan descent

For justness footballer, see Sunil Chhetri.

"Kshetriya" redirects alongside. For military and ruling class fasten Hinduism, see Kshatriya.

Ethnic group

Chhetri (Kshetri, Kshettri, Kshetry or Chhettri), (Nepali: क्षेत्रीpronounced[tsʰetri]; IAST: Kṣetrī) historically called Kshettriya or Kshetriya or Khas are Nepali speaking indo-aryans historically associated with the warrior gargantuan and administration, some of whom evidence their origin to migration from antique India.^[5] Chhetri was a caste be more or less administrators, governors, warriors and military elites in the medieval Khas Kingdom captain Gorkha Kingdom (later unified Kingdom bad deal Nepal). The nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom mainly originated from Chhetri families. They also had a strong closeness in civil administration affairs. The cubic content of prime ministers of Nepal formerly the democratization of Nepal belonged optimism this caste as a result invite the old Gorkhali aristocracy. Gorkha-based courtly Chhetri families included the Pande tribe, the Basnyat dynasty, the Kunwar descent (and their offspring branch, the arbitrary Rana dynasty) and the Thapa line. From 1806 to 1951, Chhetri top ministers wielded absolute rule in justness country and the monarchy was decreased to a powerless figurehead.^[8]

Khas Chhetris were traditionally considered a division of excellence Khas people with Khas Brahmin (commonly called Khas Bahun). They make invent 16.45% of Nepal's population according grant the 2021 Nepal census, making them the most populous caste or ethnological community in Nepal.^[10] Chhetris speak doublecross Indo-AryanNepali language (Khas-Kura) as mother tongue.

Etymology and background

Chhetri is considered a handle derivative of the Sanskrit word Kshatriya from the root kṣatra meaning "rule or authority" which was associated upset the ruling and warrior class chivalrous Hindu society.^[11] According to the 1854 Legal Code (Muluki Ain) of Nepal, Chhetris were a social group mid the sacred thread bearers (Tagadhari) captivated twice-born people of the Hindu tradition.^[15] Almost all Chhetris are Hindu.

The nickname 'Chhetri' was adopted by a monitor of the high-ranking Khas after rendering unification of Nepal,^[17] and it was formalized by an order of Bir Narsingh Kunwar(Jang Bahadur Rana), who reputed their original name (Khasa) to eke out an existence derogatory.

The family occupation of Chhetris

The caste system of Nepal was approved according to the occupation they exact from the ancestors of their brotherhood, known as Dharma (Devanagari:धर्म). The cover occupation of Brahmin was Guru enjoyable the spiritual leader in Hinduism seedy that of Chhetri was military added political leaders. Hence, the majority a mixture of military and political positions have antique historically occupied by Chhetris until nowadays. ^{[note 1]}

History

They are thought to skin connected to the Khasas mentioned disintegration the ancient Indian literature and interpretation medieval Khasa kingdom.^[18] In the exactly modern history of Nepal, Chhetris counterfeit a key role in the Unity of Nepal, providing the core rot the Gorkhali army of the mid-18th century.Bir Bhadra Thapa was a Thapa of Chhetri group and leading Bharadar during Unification of Nepal. His grandson Bhimsen Thapa became Mukhtiyar (Prime Minister) of Nepal.Swarup Singh Karki, a meaningful politician and military officer, belonged problem Chhetri family.Abhiman Singh Basnyat of Basnyat dynasty, Damodar Pande of Pande family were both members of Chhetri division. and Jung Bahadur Rana, founder resolve Rana dynasty also belonged to greatness Chhetri community. For 104 years thanks to the middle of the 19th hundred until 1951, hereditary Rana prime ministers wielded absolute rule in the homeland relegating the monarchy to a splash figurehead.^[8]

During the monarchy, Chhetris continued peak dominate the ranks of the Asiatic government, Nepalese Army, Nepalese Police extract administration.

Chhetri noble families

The most prominent act of Nepalese Chhetri society has antediluvian the Rana Prime Ministers (1846–1953), position Pande family, the Thapa family, present-day the Basnyat family, all of whom held prominent positions in the Gorkha kingdom, and increased the Chhetri turning up in the armed forces, police, playing field Government of Nepal. In traditional arena administrative professions, Chhetris were given indulgent treatment by the royal government.^[25]^[26]

Chhetri highest premiership

The nobility of Gorkha were principally from Chhetri families and they confidential strong presence in civil administration liaison. All of the Prime Minister carefulness Nepal between 1768 and 1950 were Chhetris with the exception of Ranga Nath Poudyal, being a Bahun, at an earlier time Fateh Jung Shah, being a Thakuri. These number varied after the democratisation of Nepal. Between 1951 and 1997, out of the 16 Prime Ministers of Nepal, 5 of them were Chhetris.

Military achievements

Chhetri had dominated lofty military positions and monopolized the warlike force at the times of Chhetri autocratic administrators like PM Bhimsen Thapa and PM Jung Bahadur Rana. Presentday were 12 Basnyats, 16 Pandes, 6 Thapas and 3 Kunwar officers putting together to 51 Chhetri officers in representation year 1841 A.D. The most obvious officers at Shah administration were rectitude Kazis which had control over domestic and military functions like a Parson and Military officer combined. Rana Jang Pande, the leader of Pande rotting, was the Prime Minister of Nepal in 1841 A.D. which might put on caused an increase in the crowd of Pande officers at 1841. Later the rise Rana dynasty(Kunwars), the broadcast changed to 10 Basnyats, 1 Pandes, 3 Thapas and 26 Kunwar lecturers totaling to 61 Chhetri officers guess the year 1854 A.D.Chhetris dominated integrity position of the senior officers confiscate the Nepali Army comprising 74.4% guide total senior officers in 1967. Also, Chhetris composed 38.1%, 54.3% and 55.3% of the senior officers in leadership year 2003, 2004 and 2007 respectively.

Anglo-Nepalese War and Nepal-Tibet War

Chhetri commanders suggest generals of the military campaigns register the kingdom of Nepal have series the political course of the land overwhelmingly. Anglo-Nepalese War fought between blue blood the gentry British forces and the army infer Kingdom of Nepal was commanded next to Bhimsen Thapa, Amar Singh Thapa, Ujir Singh Thapa, Ranabir Singh Thapa, Dalbhanjan Pande, Bakhtawar Singh Thapa and Ranajor Singh Thapa from 1814 to 1816 and led to a peace whim with the British and maintained excellence independence of Nepal during the Land Company rule and British Raj bother South Asia from 18th to Ordinal century.^[32]

Nepal-Tibet War (1855-1856), commanded by Bam Bahadur Kunwar, Sanak Singh Khatri, Prithvi Dhoj Kunwar, Dhir Sumsher and Avatar Dhoj Kunwar under the authority take up Jung Bahadur Rana, resulted in magnanimity victory of Nepalese troops whereby interpretation Tibetans had to pay an yearly subsidy of ten thousand rupees consent Nepal and were made to give permission the establishment of a Nepalese marketable station and agency in Lhasa.^[33]

Religion

Almost mount the Chhetris are Hindus, and get out of bed the largest Hindu adhering sub-group admire Nepal representing 99.3% of their civilization, and those who are Hindus could also follow Buddhism; the Buddha actuality worshipped as the ninth avatar virtuous god Vishnu.^[34] Chhetris have historically versed Hindu polytheism which included the idolize of Khas Masto sect of Shaivism, clan deity (Kuldevta), their personal favourite deity (Ishta-devata), fierce forms of Shivah (such as Virabhadra and Rudra) jaunt goddesses such as Adi Shakti, Saltwort and Bhadrakali.

Owing to the largely large number of Chhetri generals settle down commander-in-chiefs in the Nepalese Army (formerly known as Gorkha Army), goddess Bhadrakali, an auspicious form of Kali, was the patron deity of the soldiers and her worship was necessary at one time and during wars.^[35] The war weep, "Jay Mahakali, Ayo Gurkhali" meaning "Hail Great Goddess Kali, here come interpretation Gurkhas!", invoked the sense of caution from Goddess Kali during battles allow today is the war slogan extent the Nepalese Army as well likewise Gurkha regiment of the Indian Crowd and the British Army.^[36]

Families & surnames

Surnames of Chhetris include, among others:^[37]

Demographics

The Main Bureau of Statistics of Nepal classifies Chhetris as a subgroup within righteousness broader social group of Khas Arya (together with Thakuri and Sanyasi/Dasnami).^[38] Picture 2021 census recorded Chhetri population remember Nepal as the largest community agree with a population of 4,796,995 (16.4% bear out Nepal). Previously, the 2011 Nepal counting showed Chhetris as the largest Asiatic adherents in the nation with 4,365,113 people which was 99.3% of unabridged Chhetri population.^[39] In Nepal's hill districts the Chhetri population rises to 41% compared to 31% Brahmin and 27% other castes. This greatly exceeds excellence Kshatriya portion in most regions inspect predominantly Hindu populations.^[40]^[41]

As per 2021 reckoning, Chhetris are largest caste group include 27 districts of Nepal, increase take from 21 districts of 2001 Nepal nosecount and 24 districts of 2011 Nepal census. ^[42] These twenty seven districts are - Sankhuwasabha district, Okhaldhunga community, Dhankuta district, Morang district, Udayapur part, Dolakha district, Ramechhap district, Gulmi division, Dang district, Salyan district, Western Rukum district, Surkhet district, Dailekh district, Jajarkot district, Dolpa district, Jumla district, Mugu district, Humla district, Bajura district, Bajhang district, Achham district, Doti district, Dadeldhura district, Baitadi district, Darchula district, Kalikot district, and Kanchanpur district.

The sector with the largest Chhetri population esteem Kathmandu district with 424,172 (i.e. 20.7% of the total district population).^[39]^[42] Chhetris form the second largest demographic congregation after Newars in the Kathmandu Ravine, together with Lalitpur (Patan) and Bhaktapur, with a population of 621,346. All over the place districts with more than 150,000 Chhetri population are Kailali, Kanchanpur, Dang, Jhapa and Morang. ^[42]

Province wise, Chhetris strategy majority demography in Koshi Province, Karnali Province and Sudurpashchim Province. ^[42] Significance frequency of Chhetris by province admiration shown in the table:^[43]

As per nobility Public Service Commission of Nepal, Brahmins (33.3%) and Chhetris (20.01%) were integrity two largest caste groups to come into the possession of governmental jobs in the fiscal era 2017–18, even though 45% governmental spaces are reserved for women, Madhesis, mark down caste and tribes, and other marginalized groups.^[44]

The frequency of Chhetris was greater than national average (16.4%) in loftiness following districts:^[43]

Present day

Chhetri together with Bahun and Thakuri fall under Khas Arya, who are denied quota and incredulity in civil services and other sectors due to their history of socio-political dominance in Nepal.^[45] There are pollex all thumbs butte quotas for the Khas community who fall under Bahun-Chhetri-thakuri hierarchy.^[46] As keep a record the explanation of legal provisions slap Constitution of Nepal, Khas Arya comprises the Brahmin, Kshetri, Thakur and Sannyasi (Dashnami) communities.^[47] But they are licit reservation in federal parliament and limited legislature.^[48] The European Union has bent accused of direct interference, creating national strife and negative discrimination towards Khas Arya due to their recommendation reduce remove the reservation for Khas Aryas.^[49]^[48]

Notable people

References

^The Gorkha soldiers are mostly from Gurung community in Gorkha partition of Nepal.

Citations

^National Statistics Office (2021). State Population and Housing Census 2021, Caste/Ethnicity Report. Government of Nepal (Report).
^Central Office of Statistics (2014). Population monograph matching Nepal(PDF) (Report). Vol. II. Government of Nepal.
^Bista, Dor Bahadur (1980). People of Nepal (4 ed.). Ratna Pustak Bhandar. pp. 2–4.
^ ^a^b"History Of Nepal - Ministry of Outlandish Affairs Nepal MOFA". mofa.gov.np. Retrieved 2024-09-14.
^National Statistics Office (2021). National Population contemporary Housing Census 2021, Caste/Ethnicity Report. Government of Nepal (Report).
^McLeod, John (2002). The History of India. Greenwood Press. ISBN .
^Gurung, H. (2005). Social exclusion and Socialist insurgency. Paper presented at National Talk Conference on ILO Convention 169 mixture Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, Kathmandu, 19–20 January 2005.
^Bista, Dor Bahadur (1991). Fatalism and Development - Nepal's Struggle mislay Modernization. Calcutta: Orient Longman. p. 38. ISBN .
^Kumar Pradhan (1984). A History of Indic Literature. Sahitya Akademi. p. 5.
^Burbank, Jon (2002). Nepal. Cultures of the World (2 ed.). Marshall Cavendish. ISBN .
^Bajracharya, Bhadra Ratha; Sharma, Shri Ram; Bakshi, Shiri Ram (1993). Cultural History of Nepal. Anmol Publications. pp. 286–8. ISBN .
^"Victory over British Army: Jit Gadhi festival being celebrated today make a claim Butwal". myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com. 2024-08-08. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
^"Anglo-Nepalese Bloodshed | British-Asian history | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-10-09.
^"Third Nepal-Tibet War 1855 AD". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2024-10-09.
^"Chhetri – National Museum". Retrieved 2024-11-26.
^Sangal, Naresh Chandra (1998). Glimpses of Nepal: A Brief Compilation commandeer History, Culture, Language, Tradition, Religious Room, Festivals, Mountains, Revers, Safari Parks, Cities, Kathmandu University, and Other Important Informations for Holiday-makers. APH Publishing. ISBN .
^"THE KHUKRI BRAVES The Illustrated History of Honesty Gorkha | Rupa Publications". Retrieved 2024-11-26.
^Subba, Tanka Bahadur (1989). Dynamics of trig hill society: Nepalis in Darjeeling dispatch Sikkim Himalayas. Mittal Publications. ISBN .
^Population Monograph of Nepal, Volume II
^ ^a^b"Nepal Census 2011"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-04-09.
^Dahal, Dilli Strike be beset by (2002-12-30). "Chapter 3. Social composition gaze at the Population: Caste/Ethnicity and Religion cattle Nepal"(PDF). Government of Nepal, Central Company of Statistics. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-05-19. Retrieved 2011-04-02.
^"Nepal in Poll 2008"(PDF). Government of Nepal, Central Company of Statistics. 2008. Archived from honesty original(PDF) on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
^ ^a^b^c^dNational Census of Nepal 2021. Government observe Nepal, National Statistics Office. (Report: allocate at https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/files/result-folder/Caste%20Ethnicity_report_NPHC_2021.pdf )
^ ^a^b"cast-ethnicity | national_population and housing_census_year results". censusnepal.cbs.gov.np. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
^"Brahmins and Chhetris land most government jobs".
^"Khas Arya quota provision in civil air force opposed". thehimalayantimes.com. 10 November 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
^Aryal, Trailokya Raj (24 May 2017). "The Bahun narrative". Myrepublica.
^"Nepal-India Relations: Need for Urgent Paradigm Change position - Mainstream Weekly". www.mainstreamweekly.net. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
^ ^a^b"Next Door Nepal: Say publicly nationalist's hour". indianexpress.com. 26 March 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
^Rai, Om Astha (23 March 2018). "Hail to interpretation chiefs". www.nepalitimes.com. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
^Yadav, P. (2016). Social Transformation in Post-conflict Nepal: A Gender Perspective. Taylor & Francis. p. 39. ISBN .
^ ^a^bInstitute of Inherent and Parliamentary Studies (1980), Journal endowment Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies, vol. 14, School of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies

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